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Check the datasheet for the product in question to find more information.

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For this note, we will be using the SIGLENT CP4020 current probe and the SDS1104X-E oscilloscope as well as an SPD1168X power supply.

1. Let’s check the noise floor of the scope. The SDS1104X-E has a 500 uV/division minimum scale. The channel noise (with no input connection/CH1 open) is approximately 1 division (500 uV p-p):

2. Now, let’s connect the probe, turn it on, and switch the gain to the most sensitive setting. In this case, 50 mV/A:

The noise on the 500 uV/div vertical scale is dominating the screen.. so we can adjust the scale until we get some headroom… 5 mV/div is better..

10 mV/div even more so.

3. Now, let’s enable averaging. For continuous (DC) outputs or repeated waveforms, averaging can be used to minimize random noise:

4. We can also use the Zero function of the probe to minimize the DC offset of the measurement. Now, our open-circuit voltage average is near 0 V.

5. Now, we can set the Units of Channel 1 to Amps (as we are measuring current) by pressing 1 to open the channel options menu. Set units to A and then select a custom scale factor so that the proper readings are displayed on the oscilloscope.

The probe is set to the 50 mV/A gain setting.

The scope always measures Volts.. so we would like to get this into Amps-per-Volt (A/V) so that we are converting the input signal (in Volts) to current (Amps)

The inverse of the probe gain is 1/(50 mV/A) = 0.02 A/mV * 1000 mV/V = 20 A/V

So, a 1 A current will provide a voltage at the scope of 50 mV/A * 1 A

6. Now, test the setup by sourcing a simple DC current with a power supply and a suitable wire to carry the current:

I enabled a mean measurement which shows the value of the average signal input:

The final estimate is that the CP4020 and XE scope have a low current measurement of approximately 50 mA.

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Many instruments support communication via sockets (port 5025) and telnet (port 5024) but the port numbers cannot be changed.

If you use VISA, you can implement LAN via TCP/IP, which does not need a port number.

Here is a listing of current SIGLENT instruments with Socket and Telnet Support.

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The menu will show used/total amounts.

Here, the SDG6X has approximately 83 MB and the SDG1X has 85 MB of memory:

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Examples of NRTLs include UL, CSA, and TUV.

Many SIGLENT products are TUV certified, which also covers UL and CSA requirements.

To find out if a specific product is TUV certified, you can check the latest on the TUV website:

Certificate Explorer| TÜV SÜD

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In some cases, you may wish to directly connect your computer to an instrument LAN port without a LAN available.

This requires:

1. A crossover Ethernet cable. A through type cable will not work because most instrumentation does not have Tx/Rx switching capability at the physical LAN connection.

OR

2. An Ethernet switch and “through” type cables. Here, the switch configures the Tx/Rx routing and no special cabling is required.

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Click here to view the Product Probe List

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Figure 1: The amplitude-frequency characteristic curve.

If the input signal is a sine wave, the bandwidth of the oscilloscope must be equal to or greater than the fundamental frequency of the input signal. For non-sinusoidal waveforms (square waves, pulses, digital communications, etc..), a bandwidth 5 or more times the fundamental frequency is an adequate starting point but may be too low for precise rise time measurements. A bandwidth of 10 times the fundamental frequency (1st order harmonic) may be more appropriate.

The frequency content (or bandwidth) of the waveform affects the measurement in two ways:

1. The higher order harmonics are filtered due to the low bandwidth, and the original waveform shape distorts, becoming similar to a sine wave.

2. The displayed and measured rise time will be distorted and the amplitude will error will increase.

Figure 2 is a 10 MHZ square wave, which is displayed on a 200 MHz bandwidth and a 10 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope.

200 MHz Bandwidth oscilloscope – Correct

10 MHz Bandwidth oscilloscope – Distortion

Figure 2: A 10 MHz square wave viewed on a 200 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope vs a 10 MHz oscilloscopes. Note how the 10 MHz scope attenuates higher frequency components which distort the waveform as viewed on the instrument.

Rise time is typically defined as the length of time it takes for the signal to go from 10% to 90% of its maximum value.

Figure 3: Rise Time

The rise time measurement capability of an oscilloscope is directly related to its bandwidth.

The relationship is as follows:

T (rise) = 0.35 / oscilloscope bandwidth (below 1 GHz)

The measurement error can be easily calculated. Let’s take a look at a 100 MHz bandwidth, 3.5 ns rise time square wave as it would be measured by a 100 MHz bandwidth oscilloscope:

The rise time of the 100 MHz oscilloscope = 0.35/100 MHz = 3.5 ns

The rise time of input signal =

Measurement error = (4.95 ns – 3.5 ns) / 3.5 ns = 0.414 = 41%

To improve the accuracy of measurement, let’s perform the same calculations, but this time, let’s select an oscilloscope with a bandwidth that is 5 times higher:

The rise time of 500 MHZ oscilloscope = 0.35/500 MHz = 0.7 ns

The displayed signal rise time =

Measuring error = (3.569 ns – 3.5 ns) / 3.5 ns = 0.0198 = 2%

This is sometimes referred to as the five times rule of the oscilloscope bandwidth selection:

The required bandwidth of an oscilloscope = the highest frequency component of the measured signal x 5

The measurement error of an oscilloscope using the five times rules will be less than ± 2%, which is enough for most measurements.

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